'I thought it was just period cramps': The hidden signs of an ovarian cyst

A dull ache in the lower belly, a bloated stomach that just won’t settle, or just another month of cramps that feel “normal”, many women ignore these as common menstrual symptoms. But behind these seemingly harmless signs could be something far less ordinary, an ovarian cyst . While many cysts are harmless and go away on their own, some can grow large, cause significant pain, and even pose risks if left untreated. According to the studies conducted by the National Library of Medicine, about 10 out of 100 women have ovarian cysts. The challenge lies in the fact that their symptoms often mimic regular menstrual discomfort, making early detection tricky.

Understanding ovarian cysts
An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops on or inside the ovary. Most of these cysts are benign in nature and go away on their own. But sometimes ovarian cysts can become twisted or burst open causing discomfort, hormonal changes, and, in rare cases, serious complications. These cysts often develop due to normal hormonal changes during puberty or menopause. Sometimes ovarian cysts are already there at birth or are caused by rare genetic disorders that are much less common.

When abdominal pain isn’t just period pain
Cysts often remain silent and are only discovered during routine pelvic exams or imaging. When symptoms do show up, it can be quite easy to write them off as premenstrual syndrome or discomfort from stress. Assumptions regarding the cause of these symptoms are dangerous because they may mimic fibroids or endometriosis, delaying the need for appropriate treatment. Women should keep in mind the following warning signs:

• Prolonged or unusually intense pelvic pain , often on one side
• Significant change in menstrual cycle resulting in heavier, lighter, or more irregular
• Persistent feeling of fullness or bloating in the abdomen.
• Uncomfortable intimacy or bowel movement.

Ways to diagnose and treatment options available
Advances in gynaecological imaging and testing have made it possible to detect cysts earlier and more accurately. Methods like transvaginal ultrasonography and targeted hormonal evaluations can detect cysts before they develop or start to show noticeable symptoms. Timely evaluation prevents complications like ovarian rupture or torsion, but it also improves the effectiveness of treatment and minimizes invasiveness.

Treatment options for ovarian cysts vary depending on the patient's age, cyst size, and menopausal status. Most cysts are treated medically, but in severe cases, surgeries like cystectomy and Oophorectomy may be used. If the cyst develops into cancer, the surgeon may remove the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries surgically, along with radiation and chemotherapy.

Unexpected bloating, changes in your cycle, or a change in your typical period pain pattern should all be addressed. Persistent or worsening pelvic pain should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional and not just masked with over-the-counter medication. Period pain may be common, but that doesn’t mean it’s always harmless. What appears to be a minor monthly ache can be treated with prompt diagnostic care before it develops into a more serious medical issue.

Dr Amita Shah, Chairman & Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manipal Hospital, Gurugram